"Teach thinking process, not just factual content Tyson, drawing on decades of science communication and his plans for an education book, identifies the single biggest flaw in schooling: it rewards knowing facts rather than solving novel problems. He illustrates this with a workplace split: one employee says "this wasn't in my job description" while another says "I've never seen this before — give it to me" — and argues "one of them will ossify in place, the other will continue to ascend." Shifting your own learning and any teaching you do toward confronting unsolved problems, rather than memorizing established answers, is what produces adaptable, high-trajectory thinkers. Source: Neil deGrasse Tyson, StarTalk, Cosmic Queries Episode"